MICROSCOPE USE - SCIENCE

WHAT ARE THE KEY PARTS OF A MICROSCOPE ?
a) Coarse focus knob is to focus the image
b) Fine focus knob is to also focus on the images but makes minor changes
c) stage is to put your slides
d) stage clips are to hold the slides in place so it wont move around
e) we look through it

HOW TO SET IT UP?
To set it up we grabbed the microscope carefully from the base and neck along with the light box.
we tore a leaf apart till we see a thin white bit (easier to see the plant cells). We took the white bit out of the leave and placed it on the side, then poured in two drops of iodine to stain it. We then placed a thin glass cover on it making sure that our fingerprint weren't on it
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MICROSCOPE ------------------>







WHAT DID I OBSERVE?
We were looking into plant cells
This is basically what it looked like but brown since we stained it
with iodine ---------------->


SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
ANIMAL CELLS AND PLANT CELLS.
both cells are very small we wouldn't be able to see it with a naked eye. Basically they are building blocks of all animals and plants. All animals and plants are made out of cells but their cells are a bit different
PLANT CELLS - A regular box shape with a large vacuole, cell wall and chloroplast
ANIMAL CELLS - Irregular shapes
BOTH CELLS - Cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus
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ANIMAL CELLS ----------------->






5 TYPES OF MICROSCOPES

• Type 1: Compound Microscopes. 
• Type 2: Dissection/Stereoscopes. 
• Type 3: Con focal Microscopes. 
• Type 4: Scanning Electron Microscope
• Type 5: Transmission Electron Microscopes 

WHAT WAS DISCOVERED USING MICROSCOPE ?

Back in 1663 an English scientist named Robert Hooke Discovered "cells", He named them cells because it reminded him of jail cells 

HOME ECONOMICS 2

This semester we are focusing on healthy eating and having a balanced diet 

PITA POCKET 
Protein - The protein that was used in this is ham/meat
Carbohydrates - Pita bread
Vitamins  - Vegetables and fruits (e.g lettuce,tomato,carrot)
Lipids - cheese and oils

CHICKEN STIR FRY
Protein - chicken breast
Carbohydrates - noodles
Vitamins - vegetables (e.g carrot, broccoli, capsicum)
Lipids - sesame oil
I enjoyed the taste of it and it was also very colourful but it had way to much soy sauce



SPAGHETTI WITH MEATBALLS 

Protein - Meat
Carbohydrates - Noodles
Lipids - cooking oil
Vitamins - Carrot, Tomato, Onion.



CORN FRITTERS with bacon

Protein - egg and milk
carbohydrates - flour and corn
lipids - bacon
vitamins - milk and sweetcorn

DIGESTION SYSTEM

WHAT IS THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM USED FOR?
It breaks down nutrients in to small parts enough for my body to absorb it and use it for energy, growth, cell repair.

THE MAIN PARTS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.

• Oesophagus
• Stomach
• Small intestine
• The liver
• The large intestine 

O E S O P H A G U S

The function:

It acts as a highway for the food and liquids to reach the stomach after being swallowed 

Where do you find it: 

It is in you

The structure if the oesophagus:
There is layer of circular muscle on top of the layer of longitudinal muscle which is about an inch wider than the circular muscle 

The process of peristalsis:

1. The circular muscles contract behind the bolus (Latin for "ball") of food pushing it downwards
2. longitudinal muscle contract widening the diameter and shortening the length of the tube 
3. The motion continues until it reaches the stomach 

S T O M A C H 

What does it look like:
The stomach is about 30.5 cm long and 15.2 cm wide and it holds up too 2-4 litres - meaning the meal can be ingested rapidly while digesting over time. The inside of the stomachis lined with holes called gastric pits so that food can get in. There are 3 types of gastric fluid 

1. Hydrochloric (HC) 
2. Pepsin
3. Mucus 

The three main functions of the stomach :
- Temporary storage for food, which passes through the oesophagus to the stomach where it is held for two hours or longer

-  Mixing and breakdown of food 

- Digestion of food 

S M A L L  I N T E S T I N E


Where is it?

It sits between the stomach and the large intestine 

What does it look like: 
The lining of the small intestine is covered by small finger-like ridges called villi 

Main function of the small intestine:
The villi helps the nutrients in food to absorb in to the blood 
The ph of the liver is usually between 7 and 9 meaning neutral or slightly alkaline 

L I V E R 

Where is it?
It is a large organ that sits on the right side of the stomach. 

What does it look like?
The reddish-brown organ weighs about 3 pounds. It has two large sections called; the left lobe and the right lobe. The gallbladder sits right under the liver, along with the pancreas and intestines, they all work together to digest and absorb food.

The function.
The main functions of the liver is to filter the blood from the digestive tract before passing it to the next organ, detoxifies and metabolizes drugs and it is also able to make proteins important for blood clotting. 

The liver maintains the ph level of 7 meaning neutral, which is easiest for the enzymes to work in 

L A R G E  I N T E S T I N E


Where is it?
It is located either just or below the waist.

What does it look like?
The large intestine is about 5 feet long

The funtion.
To absorb water and salts from the material that has not been digested as food it also get rid of any waste products left. The large intestine is put into the following parts:

1. Cecum: This is the first section of the large intestine it looks a bit like a 2 inchs long pouch 
2. Colon: The colon is the major section. The main place for water re-absorption the colon is in 4 parts 

•  Ascending colon: pushes undigested debris from the cecum to a location just under the bottom right end of the liver.
• Transverse colon: the food moves through the transverse colon across the front abdominal wall.
• Descending colon: pushes the contents from the spleen to the bottom left side of the abdomen
• Sigmoid colon:  The "S" shaped length of the colon, curves inwards, then empties it into the rectum
• the last section of the digestive tract, the length about 2.5 - 4 cm left over wasted is collected here.
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